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A Comprehensive Guide to Comic Book Grading
The comic book industry has witnessed a remarkable transformation over the decades, evolving from a niche hobby to a significant cultural phenomenon. One of the most critical aspects of this evolution is the grading of comic books, a process that not only authenticates the comics but also assigns them a value based on their condition.
Graded comic books have become highly sought after by collectors and investors alike, contributing to the growth of the comic book market. In this collector's guide to comic books, it not only delves into the popularity of graded comic books, but it also explores the differences in the comic book grading scales, while examining the roles of various grading companies detailing the top pros and cons of each comic book grading company, and even highlights the impact of the top Comic Book Grading Companies, such as CGC, CBCS, and the recent newcomer; PSA's entry into the comic book grading industry.
Comic Book Grading Guide: A Comprehensive Guide to Graded Comic Books
1. Intro
2. The 10 Point Grading Scale
3. The Top Comic Book Grading Companies
4. Differences Between Each Comic Book Grading Company
5. Value & Collectability of Graded Comic Books
6. How to Get Comic Books Graded
7. Conclusion
The Evolution of Comic Book Collecting
Comic book collecting has come a long way since the early days when fans would pick up issues for a few cents at the local newsstand. Over time, certain comic books began to gain value due to their rarity, historical significance, and the characters they introduced. As the market for collectible comics grew, so did the need for a standardized method to assess their condition and authenticity. This need gave rise to the concept of comic book grading. The popularity of graded comic books has helped collectors, and the comic book industry, achieve new heights in terms of resale value and preservation or encapsulated comic books, without question.
The Importance of Grading Comic Books
Comic book grading is a process where a comic book is evaluated for its condition and assigned a grade based on a standardized scale. This grade is crucial because it directly impacts the comic's value in the market. Graded comics are often encapsulated in a protective case, commonly referred to as a "slab," which preserves the comic's condition and provides a sense of security to the owner.
Graded comics have become a cornerstone of the comic book collecting community. They provide collectors and investors with a tangible way to assess the condition and value of a comic book. This has led to an increase in the buying and selling of graded comics, both online and at conventions, further fueling their popularity.
Understanding The 10 Point Comic Book Grading Scale
The 10-Point Grading Scale for Comic Books Explained:
The most widely used grading scale for comic books is the 10-point scale, which ranges from 0.5 (Poor) to 10.0 (Gem Mint). This scale was popularized by Certified Guaranty Company (CGC) and has since become the industry standard. Here's a breakdown of the different grades:
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0.5 (Poor):
A comic in this condition is heavily damaged, with major tears, stains, missing pages, or severe wear. It is still readable but has little to no collectible value.
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1.0 - 3.0 (Fair to Good):
These comics are worn, with significant defects like creases, tears, and discoloration. They are still intact but show heavy signs of wear.
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4.0 - 5.0 (Very Good):
Comics in this range have moderate wear, including creases, small tears, and minor fading. They are complete and readable but show noticeable signs of handling.
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6.0 - 7.5 (Fine to Very Fine):
These comics have minor defects, such as small creases or slight wear at the edges. They are well-preserved and have good eye appeal.
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8.0 - 9.0 (Very Fine to Near Mint):
Comics in this range have minimal wear and retain much of their original luster. They are highly sought after by collectors, especially for Golden Age and Silver Age comic collectors.
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9.2 - 9.8 (Near Mint):
These comics are in exceptional condition, with only the slightest imperfections. They are nearly perfect and are considered premium collectibles. Comic graded 9.8+ are considered the very best of the best examples of a comic book issue.
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9.9 - 10.0 (Mint to Gem Mint):
The rarest grades, these comics are virtually flawless, with pristine pages and no visible defects. They are the most valuable and sought-after in the market due to the scarcity and absolute perfection.
The Impact of Grading on the Value of a Comic Book
The grade assigned to a comic book significantly impacts its value. For instance, a comic graded at 9.8 will command a much higher price than the same comic graded at 8.0. This difference can be substantial, sometimes amounting to thousands or even tens of thousands of dollars, depending on the rarity and significance of the comic.
Graded comics also tend to hold their value better over time, as the grading process provides a level of assurance to potential buyers. This has led many collectors to seek out high-grade comics, further driving demand for graded books.
Who Are the Top Comic Book Grading Companies?
Certified Guaranty Company (CGC)
Founded in 2000, CGC was the first company to introduce third-party grading and encapsulation to the comic book industry. CGC quickly established itself as the leader in comic book grading, setting the standard for grading accuracy and consistency.
CGC's Grading Process
CGC's grading process is meticulous and involves multiple steps to ensure accuracy. Each comic is evaluated by a team of professional graders who examine various aspects of the book, including the cover, spine, pages, and overall structure. The comic is then assigned a grade based on its condition, and a detailed label is generated, which includes the grade, a description of any notable defects, and other pertinent information.
Once graded, the comic is encapsulated in a tamper-evident, archival-quality case that protects it from environmental damage. CGC encapsulation, often referred to as the "slab", contains a color-coded label to indicate different types of comics, such as blue for standard graded comics, yellow for signature series (comics signed by creators), and green for qualified grades (comics with significant defects or alterations).
CGC's recent partnership with JSA, a well-respected professional autograph research and validation authentication company who maintains the most extensive signature exemplar database in the world, has really increased the attraction for serious comic book collectors when it comes to having this signed books graded and authenticated.
CGC's Popularity and Market Influence
CGC-graded comics are highly regarded in the collecting community, and their presence often commands a premium in the market. Collectors and investors trust CGC's grading standards, which has led to an increase in the buying and selling of CGC-graded comics. The company's reputation for accuracy and consistency has solidified its position as the industry leader, with many collectors viewing CGC grading as the gold standard.
Comic Book Certification Service (CBCS)
CBCS, founded in 2014 by Steve Borock, a former president and primary grader at CGC, emerged as a strong competitor to CGC. CBCS offers an alternative grading service with a focus on providing accurate and affordable grading options.
CBCS's Grading Process
CBCS's grading process is similar to that of CGC, involving a thorough examination of the comic's condition by a team of professional graders. CBCS also provides a detailed label that includes the grade, any notable defects, and additional information about the comic.
One of the unique features of CBCS is its Verified Signature Program (VSP), which allows collectors to have signed comics authenticated without the need for a witness present at the time of signing. This program has made CBCS a popular choice among collectors who own signed comics that were not witnessed by a third-party representative.
CBCS's Market Position
While CGC remains the dominant player in the industry, CBCS has carved out a niche for itself by offering competitive pricing and services that appeal to certain segments of the collecting community. CBCS-graded comics are also respected in the market, and while they may not command the same premium as CGC-graded comics, they are still highly valued by collectors.
Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) Enters the Comic Book Industry
In a significant development for the comic book industry, Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA), a well-known name in the trading card grading and authentication industry, announced its entry into the comic book grading market. PSA's decision to expand into comic book grading is expected to have a considerable impact on the industry.
PSA's Reputation and Grading Expertise
PSA has a long-standing reputation for excellence in the trading card industry, where it is considered one of the most trusted and respected grading companies. PSA's grading standards are known for their accuracy and consistency, which has earned the company a loyal customer base.
By entering the comic book grading market, PSA brings its expertise in grading and authentication to a new audience. The company aims to provide collectors with an additional option for comic book grading, potentially challenging the dominance of CGC and CBCS.
The Potential Impact of PSA on the Comic Book Grading Industry
PSA's entry into the comic book grading market is expected to shake up the industry in several ways:
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Increased Competition: PSA's presence will introduce more competition, which could lead to improvements in grading services and possibly lower costs for collectors. This competition could also push CGC and CBCS to innovate and enhance their offerings to maintain their market positions.
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Broader Market Reach: PSA's established reputation in the trading card market may attract a new segment of collectors who are familiar with PSA but new to comic book collecting. This could lead to an expansion of the comic book collecting community and increased demand for graded comics.
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Market Dynamics: PSA-graded comics may become a viable option for collectors, potentially leading to a diversification of the graded comic market. Over time, PSA-graded comics could establish their own market value, which may differ from that of CGC or CBCS-graded comics.
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Brand Recognition: PSA's strong brand recognition could help it quickly gain traction in the comic book grading market. Collectors who have had positive experiences with PSA in the trading card space may be more inclined to trust the company's comic book grading services.
While it remains to be seen how PSA's entry will ultimately affect the comic book grading industry, its presence is likely to bring about changes that will benefit collectors by providing more options and potentially driving innovation in the market.
The Differences Between CGC with JSA, CBCS, and PSA Grading and Authentication for Signed Comic Books
When it comes to grading and authenticating signed comic books, collectors have multiple options, with CGC, CBCS, and PSA being the most prominent companies. Each offers a unique approach to handling autographed comics, including verification processes, labeling, and associated costs. This guide will break down the differences between these companies in detail.
1. CGC Grading of Signed Comic Books
Overview:
CGC is one of the most well-known comic book grading companies. They offer a comprehensive grading service, including a signature authentication program through their Signature Series.
Signature Series:
CGC’s Signature Series is designed for autographed comic books. A key requirement is that a CGC representative or authorized witness must observe the signing in order for the signature to receive a yellow Signature Series label. This ensures that the signature is genuine.
Requirements:
- A CGC authorized witness must be present during the signing.
- You can arrange to have a CGC witness at a private signing event or attend a CGC Signature Series event where witnesses are provided.
- If the signature is already on the comic, CGC offers a partnership with James Spence Authentication (JSA) to authenticate the signature, but it will receive a green Qualified label rather than the yellow Signature Series label.
Cost:
- Grading Fees: Starting around $40-$70 per book, depending on the tier (e.g., Modern, Standard).
- Signature Series Fee: An additional fee of around $10-$15 per signature.
- Witnessing Fee: Can vary, especially if using a third-party witness or attending a special event.
- JSA Authentication (for pre-signed books): Additional cost, typically around $20-$30.
Labeling:
- Yellow Label (Signature Series): For signatures witnessed by CGC.
- Green Label (Qualified): For signatures not witnessed by CGC nor authenticated by JSA Authentication Add-on service (see below).
Pros:
- Strong brand recognition and trust in the market.
- Signature Series provides an easy way to ensure signatures are authenticated at the time of signing.
- Extensive network of authorized witnesses.
Cons:
- Strict requirement for witnesses, limiting flexibility for collectors with already-signed books with multiple signatures or remarques.
- Additional costs for Signature Series and witness services.
2. CGC + JSA Grading for Signed Comic Books
Overview:
While CGC handles the grading, JSA focuses on authenticating signatures. CGC and JSA have partnered to provide a complete solution for verifying and grading autographed comics, particularly for those where the signature was not witnessed at the time of signing.
JSA Authentication:
JSA is one of the leading third-party authentication services for signatures across various collectibles, including comic books. They work with CGC to authenticate signatures on already-signed comics, providing an alternative to the Signature Series when a CGC witness wasn’t present.
Requirements:
- Submit the comic book to CGC w/ JSA Add-on for signature authentication.
- Once authenticated by JSA, the comic can be graded by CGC, and it will be encapsulated into the slab with a Yellow Label indicating it has been authenticated by both CGC and JSA.
Cost:
- JSA Authentication Fee: Around $20-$30 per signature.
- CGC Grading Fee: Around $30-$70 per book, similar to the Signature Series costs.
Labeling:
- Yellow Label (CGC+JSA Authenticated Signature): Indicates the signature is authentic, and has been verified by JSA and the book graded by CGC.
Pros:
- Offers a solution for already-signed comics that didn’t go through the CGC Signature Series.
- JSA is highly reputable for signature authentication across the entire collectables industry.
- Graded comics can still receive a Yellow Label that includes double authentication by CGC & JSA even when not witnessed by a CGC representative.
Cons:
- The number of signatures that can be authenticated is currently limited to two signatures, making it a challenge for collectors with comic books that contain multiple signatures and remarques.
- Additional costs for JSA authentication on top of CGC grading fees unlike the CGC Witness Authentication service.
3. Comic Book Certification Service (CBCS)
Overview:
CBCS is another respected comic book grading service, known for offering more flexible signature verification options compared to CGC. They provide a Red Label (Authentic Signature) for signed comics authenticated by their signature verification team.
Authentic Signature Program:
CBCS offers a signature verification service where their team authenticates signatures after they’ve been signed, without requiring a witness at the time of signing.
Requirements:
- Submit the signed comic to CBCS for their signature verification process.
- CBCS uses a team of experts and technology to verify the authenticity of the signature.
Cost:
- Grading Fees: Starting around $18-$40 per book, depending on the tier.
- Signature Verification Fee: Around $25 per signature.
Labeling:
- Red Label (Authentic Signature): Indicates that the signature has been verified as authentic by CBCS.
- Yellow Label (Witnessed Signature): If a CBCS-authorized witness was present at the time of signing.
Pros:
- No need for a witness at the time of signing, providing more flexibility.
- Lower cost compared to CGC’s Signature Series.
Cons:
- Some collectors may prefer CGC’s more stringent Signature Series requirements.
- CBCS is still establishing itself, so it may not carry the same market weight as CGC.
4. Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA)
Overview:
PSA is widely known for grading sports cards and other memorabilia but has expanded into comic books and autograph authentication. While PSA is not traditionally a comic book grading company, they offer autograph authentication services for comics.
Autograph Authentication:
PSA specializes in certifying signatures and offers encapsulation services for autographed comic books, though they don’t grade comics in the traditional sense like CGC or CBCS.
Requirements:
- Submit the comic book to PSA for signature authentication.
- PSA will authenticate the signature and encapsulate the comic.
Cost:
- Authentication Fee: Typically ranges from $20-$100, depending on the signer’s popularity.
- Encapsulation Fee: Around $20-$30.
Labeling:
- Red Label (Authenticated): Indicates that PSA has authenticated the signature.
- No Grading: PSA does not provide a numeric grade for the comic’s condition.
Pros:
- PSA’s authentication is widely respected, particularly for high-value or celebrity signatures.
- Flexible and trusted for memorabilia.
Cons:
- New to the comic book grading service industry.
- Higher costs for famous or rare signatures.
Comparison Summary
| Feature | CGC (Signature) | CGC with JSA (Signature) | CBCS (Authentic Signature) | PSA (Autograph Authentication) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signature Witnessing | Required for Signature Series | Not required (JSA authentication) | Not required | Not required |
| Label | Yellow Signature Series | Yellow CGC+JSA Authentic Signature | Yellow Label (Authentic Signature) | Red Label (Authenticated) |
| Grading | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Cost (Approx.) | $50-$85+ per book | $60-$100+ per book | $43-$65+ per book | $40-$130+ per book |
| Pros | Widely recognized, strong market value | Allows for after-the-fact signature authentication | Flexible, lower cost option | Trusted for autographs, encapsulation |
| Cons | Strict witnessing requirements | Higher Cost then CGC Witness & Limited to 2 signatures only | CBCS is less desirable to collectors | New to comic grading, higher costs for rare signatures |
Final Thoughts on Comic Book Grading Companies
When choosing between CGC, CBCS, and PSA for grading and authenticating signed comic books, the decision depends on your priorities. CGC is a strong choice for those looking for market value and verified signatures through their Signature Series, though it comes with strict requirements. The recent edition of the CGC+JSA Add-on option gives CGC a leg up on the competition when it comes to value in a graded and authenticated signed comic book. CBCS offers more flexibility with its signature verification process, making it a good option for comics signed outside of official events, especially for those with multiple signatures. PSA is ideal for collectors primarily focused on autograph authentication of comic book’s while still being one of the newer contenders to comic book condition grading.
Each option comes with its own set of costs, benefits, and limitations, so consider what matters most for your collection.
Value and Collectability of Graded Comic Books
The Appeal of Graded Comics
Graded comics offer collectors and investors several advantages that contribute to their popularity:
- Authenticity and Assurance: A graded comic comes with a certificate of authenticity, providing assurance that the comic is genuine and in the stated condition.
- Archival and Preservation: A graded comic book is encapsulated in what collectors refer to as a slab. Slabbed comic books are generally protected from the elements and UV light helping to preserve the condition and maintain collectability and value.
Preservation of Value while Safeguarding Collectibles
Graded comic books have become highly collectible and valuable, with some fetching astronomical prices at auctions and in private sales. The value of a graded comic book is influenced by several factors, including its grade, rarity, demand, and historical significance.
Here are some of the most valuable graded comic books in the comic book industry:
Action Comics #1 (1938)
Action Comics #1, featuring the first appearance of Superman, is one of the most iconic and valuable comic books ever published. A CGC-graded 9.0 copy of this comic sold for $3.2 million in 2014, setting a record for the highest price ever paid for a comic book. The comic's historical significance and rarity make it a prized possession for collectors. One of the most coveted of all comics, Action Comics #1 is the holy grail of the comic book industry with a current Fair Market Value (FMV) of just over $4.2 million at the time this article was written.
Detective Comics #27 (1939)
Detective Comics #27, featuring the first appearance of Batman, is another highly sought-after comic book. A CGC-graded 8.0 copy of this comic sold for $1.5 million in 2010. The enduring popularity of Batman and the comic's scarcity contribute to its high value. Detective Comics #27 is one of the grails at the top of most collectors wish lists.
Amazing Fantasy #15 (1962)
Amazing Fantasy #15, featuring the first appearance of Spider-Man, is one of the most valuable Silver Age comics. A CGC-graded 9.6 copy of this comic sold for $1.1 million in 2011. As of 2024, the Fair Market Value (FMV) on a CGC 9.6 Amazing Fantasy #15 was listed at $3.6 Million. Spider-Man's popularity and the comic's significance in the Marvel universe make it a coveted item for collectors.
Marvel Comics #1 (1939)
Marvel Comics #1, the first comic book published by Marvel, is a cornerstone of comic book history. A CGC-graded 9.0 copy of this comic sold for $1.26 million in 2019. The comic's historical importance and rarity make it a valuable addition to any collection. However, it is important to note that graded copies of Marcel Comics #1 from 1939 are extremely rare with only 37 Universal Graded CGC Slabs known to exist.
How to Get Comic Books Graded?
Learning how to grade a comic book is easy. First, decide which grading company you would like to use to have your book authenticated and graded. As covered in-depth in this article about graded comics, there are various pros and cons to the different Grading Companies for comic books. Once you have selected the company you wish you use for your comic to be graded by, simply visit their website for complete instructions on their submission process.
At Afshari Comics, we have many slabbed comic books that have been graded by CGC or CGCS and each hold value and collectability. However, our preference generally leans towards CGC as one of the industry standards for Graded Comic Books which have historically held or increased their value.
It is very important to point out, that having your books Pressed and Cleaned prior to having them Graded is crucial to obtaining the highest grade possible for your book. These options are often available as add-on services, and we have had great luck with CGC and CCS for cleaning, pressing and restoration services in the past.
But what if your comic book contains a signature and you would like to still have it graded? If this is the case for you, do not worry. You have multiple options today that were not available previously.
CGC + JSA (add-on) will authenticate your comic book by CGC and authenticate your signature by JSA allowing you to have it maintain a yellow label and dual authentication service seals.
CBCS has their own forensic level signature authentication services which will allow for signed books to be authenticated when slabbed without being witnessed.
It should be noted, however, that for many collectors, the Witnessed Authenticated labels maintain a higher level of appeal, collectability, and thus value in most cases. That said, if you already have a raw comic book that is signed and would like to have it slabbed we strongly suggest going with CGC+JSA for holding the highest value. Aside from CGC+JSA you could also consider CBCS or PSA as your next-in-line options for grading the comic book and authenticating the signature that was not signed or remarqued in the presence of a grading company's officially authorized witness.
Final Thoughts on Graded Comic Books
The rise of graded comic books has added a new layer of sophistication and value to comic book collecting, turning what was once a casual hobby into a serious investment opportunity. The choice between CGC, CBCS, and PSA grading depends on a collector’s specific needs, whether it's a preference for established leaders like CGC, the unique offerings of CBCS, or the fresh perspective PSA brings to the market. As the industry evolves, the presence of these grading companies will continue to shape the way collectors approach the value, authenticity, and preservation of their comic book collections.
Conclusion
Graded comic books have grown significantly in popularity, with the highest-graded and most iconic comics, like Action Comics #1 and Detective Comics #27, fetching millions of dollars at auction. The condition, as determined by the grading scale, plays a crucial role in a comic book's value, with higher grades (e.g., 9.8 or 10.0) commanding premium prices.
The comic book collecting hobby has been transformed by the introduction of professional grading services, providing collectors with a standardized way to assess the condition, value, and authenticity of their comics. Companies like Certified Guaranty Company (CGC), Comic Book Certification Service (CBCS), and the recently entered Professional Sports Authenticator (PSA) have become essential players in this space over the years.
CGC is the most established and recognized grading company, known for its rigorous grading standards and additional services like the Signature Series and Restoration Detection and its newly formed partnership with JSA for autograph authentication which has helped it further attract collectors wanting their signed, but unwitnessed, books graded and authenticated. CBCS, founded by a former CGC president, offers a trusted alternative, particularly with its Verified Signature Program, which uses forensic techniques to authenticate signatures. PSA, a new entrant to the comic book grading market, brings its reputation from the sports card industry, introducing new competition that may benefit collectors through improved services and pricing.
Did you enjoy this Guide to Graded Comic Books? You may also like reading our Complete Guide to Comic Book Ages: Modern Age to Golden Age Explained
